Effect of insulin-induced epileptic seizures on neutral glycolipids of rabbit cerebral cortex

The neutral glycolipids of rabbit central cortex were analyzed during epileptic seizures produced by insulin or pentetrazol injection. The two agents gave similar results. A decrease of glycolipid content occurred in the cortex and in the neuronal fraction during seizures. The normal glycolipid level was restored during the recovery phase.     

Ceramide galactosyltransferase and cerebroside sulphotransferase in chicken brain cellular fractions and glial and neuronal cells in culture.

Enzymes involved in the synthesis of cerebrosides and sulphatides were assayed in cultured cells of neuronal and glial origin and their activity compared to that found in analogous fractions prepared from chicken brain. High activity was observed for both enzymes in chicken neuronal and glial fractions. However ceramide galactosyltransferase could not be detected in normal glial cells or neuroblastoma cells. A very low activity was found in the glioblastoma cells. Although sulphotransferase was absent from normal glial cells, a notable activity was found in glioblastoma or neuroblastoma cells.     

Transposed ciliary microtubules in Kartagener's syndrome. A case report with electron microscopy of bronchial and nasal brushings

Report is made of the case of a 44-year-old white woman with Kartagener's syndrome marked by respiratory disorders and repeated serous otitis since infancy. The technique of cell sampling through bronchial and nasal brushings facilitated observation of ciliary structures in electron microscopy. The results revealed a specific anomaly in the organization of the ciliary microtubules. The doublet transposition observed may be associated with ciliary dyskinesia.     

In VitroModulation of Implantation and Intraepithelial Expansion of Bladder Tumor Cells by Epidermal Growth Factor

A major problem in the management of bladder cancer is the high risk for recurrence of bladder tumors after transurethral resection. This has generally been attributed to the attachment and subsequent expansion of exfoliated tumor cells to the traumatized bladder wall. Anin vitrococultivation model was used to study the implantation and growth of human tumor cells in traumatized murine urothelium. Furthermore, we investigated in a time-course experiment whether stimulation of the regenerative activity of the normal urothelium by a growth factor could affect implantation and subsequent growth of bladder tumor cells. After inoculation on injured confluent cultures of murine urothelium, human T24 and SD bladder carcinoma cells preferentially attached to the denuded areas. SD cells expanded into the normal urothelium as a sharply demarcated tumor, while T24 cells infiltrated as single cells. Treatment of the primary urothelium with epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulated the proliferation of the primary urothelium and reduced the implantation and growth of T24 considerably. EGF reduced the implantation of the SD tumor cells but could not prevent the further expansion at the expense of surrounding normal urothelium. Since EGF had no effect on migration or proliferation of SD or T24 cells, its modulation of expansive growth is most probably due to an increase in the regeneration of normal urothelium. This study suggests that recurrence of transitional cell carcinomas might in some instances be inhibited by stimulation of the regeneration of traumatized urothelium. The reportedin vitrococultivation model may be useful for studying additional factors involved in intraepithelial expansion of carcinoma cells.     

Flow cytometric DNA analysis in the diagnosis of lung tumors. A comparison with conventional methods

The efficiency of flow cytometric (FCM) DNA analysis in the diagnosis of lung carcinoma was compared with that of conventional cytologic techniques on bronchial brushing and fine needle aspiration samples from 461 patients. The main advantage of FCM was the rapid delivery of results. Unfortunately, this was offset by a poor sensitivity in the detection of bronchial tumors. Nevertheless, DNA analysis may still prove useful in determining the prognosis and in evaluating the effects of chemotherapy on known tumor stem lines.     

Flow DNA analysis in human lung cancer: potentiality and limitations due to sampling methods

Flow DNA analysis was performed on samples from 71 surgically removed lung cancers and from 145 patients undergoing bronchoscopy. Abnormal DNA stem lines, characterized by their DNA index (DI), were frequently observed in operated lung carcinomas (87%). Two or three abnormal DNA stem lines were discovered simultaneously in 10% of the samples. The mean DI of all abnormal tumor stem lines was lowest for rare tumor cell types and highest for adenocarcinomas. Intermediate mean DI values were found for epidermoid and small cell carcinomas, which were among the most proliferative tumors. The high rate of false negative results suggests poor diagnostic reliability of flow DNA analysis on bronchoscopic samples. However, the method appears to provide a promising objective tool capable of evaluating tumor behavior and prognosis.     

Mammospheres from murine mammary stem cell-enriched basal cells: Clonal characteristics and repopulating potential

Identification of murine mammary stem cells (MaSCs) has been attempted with various in vitro and in vivo assays. While, the in vivo repopulation assay remains as the most definitive assay for MaSC detection, it is expensive, time-consuming, and technically challenging. The in vitro mammosphere assay was considered unreliable because of major concerns about its clonal origin. In the current study, co-culture experiments with mammary cells from fluorescent protein transgenic mice and time-lapse video microscopy revealed that > 90% mammospheres formed from sorted basal epithelial-enriched cells were of clonal origin in terms of stem cell. These basal-cell derived mammospheres were further distinguished morphologically in a 3-dimensional extracellular matrix culture and functionally in the in vivo repopulation assay. Transplant of single mammospheres or the resultant 3-dimensional solid structures into gland-free mammary fat pads yielded a 70% success rate of multilineage mammary gland reconstitution. Thus, this in vitro sphere formation and differentiation assay is a reliable alternative to the in vivo repopulation assay for the study of MaSCs.